By Reuben Mete
Finding solutions to Papua New
Guinea and South Pacific difficulties today and into 2050 does not lie in words
and more words but in solidarity in word and deed.
I’m humble by the opportunity
given to lead Papua New Guinea and South Pacific delegates to participate in
this year’s International Leadership Consultation as a Global Youth Leaders
gathering for solidarity and to cooperate for justice as opportunities of such are
given to voice our concern.
The most compelling witness to
the strength of young people in the Papua New Guinea and South Pacific is to be
seen as tomorrow leaders having the opportunity to discuss issues affecting
them today. Thus, when the weaker members are made strong and well, the
stronger members will grow even stronger to maintain their trusting-caring
relationship.
1.
Insecurity
affecting our Societies
Insecurity is one of the latent issues increasingly amongst the
younger populations in many of our Pacific Island countries. In most countries,
the youth accounts for about 30 to 40 per cent of a population of almost a
million people. This is a telling statistic mainly because of the impact it
will have not only on services and infrastructure but also on the nature of
politics and socio-economic in the near future. Further, our young people are
bored. School students have little to do after school. Unemployment is high
which means many have nothing to do after they leave school. They wander the
streets; they hang around the shops and cinema on weekends. There is an incidence
of experimental sex and crimes - girls with babies and boys with guns.
The crux of the matter is
there are not enough employment opportunities and hence, they do not feel they
are meaningfully participating and gaining from the economy. Our highly
educated young people will turn to violent means to fulfill their aspirations
if they stay at home or move overseas. This will undermine not only our
fledgling democracies, but the source of creating and distributing wealth – our
economies.
There has been breaking down
of the institutions of marriage and family, where recent statistics suggest
that about 1 in 5 marriages do not last for 10 years.
Moreover, there is an
explosion of squatter settlements in and around the urban centers in our
islands. Those who came and settled in these settlements have either lost their
land leases or moved because of increasing rural poverty or simply did so to
give their children a better chance of quality education and health services that
they would not otherwise get in the rural areas. Consequently, there is an
increase in the population of homeless and landless families, street children
and the violent physical and or sexual abuse of women and children in some of
our Island Countries.
Adding to this is a particular
development within the area of urbanization and migration. A growing number of
people now have two or three homes, in the village, the city and overseas. This
may be leading to some confusion in the values because of the strong
possibility that children will grow up with uncles and aunts rather than
parents. The generation affected by this will soon form their own sub-culture
thus contributing to a context of insecurity.
2. Climate Change in our Societies
There is the issue of climate
change and sea level rise that is threatening the very existence of some of our
people. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has declared that
our region is three times more at risk to climate change than the developed
countries of the north.
The World Health Organization
(WHO) regional advisor to the Pacific reported that up to 10,000 people will be
affected or could be dying each year as a result of factors associated with
global warming such as severe weather and mosquito-borne disease. Moreover, the
number of deaths due to natural disaster – droughts, floods and storms –
increased by 30 to 40 per cent.
Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Samoa,
American Samoa, Tonga and recently Solomon Islands, have certainly seen our
fair share of devastating cyclones, tsunamis and floods in recent years. It is
interesting to note that a new phenomenon is emerging and that is what some
called climate induced resettlement.
However, climate change just
does not endanger human beings and their socio-political environment. It
equally threatens to obliterate many life forms that the natural and human
ecosystems depend on for survival and continuity of existence. As John van
Klinekn notes, “…from 1850 – 1950, one animal species vanished per year. In
1989, it was one per day and in 2000 it was one per hour. Within 50 years, 25
per cent of animal and plant species will vanish due to global warming and
climate change,”
Yet, it is not climate change
as such but the unchecked intrusion of human beings, often driven by greed for
wealth and power, into the delicate balance of natural environment; from
indiscriminate logging and mining to over consumption and inappropriate
application of bio-technology. The disturbing and yet challenging lessons here
for us, as young people, is that we cannot afford to deny the gravity of the
present ecological crisis.
In religious language, as Ed
Ayers writes, “God has given us an offer: to see the consequences of our
actions and assume moral responsibility for them, or to be consumed by them.”
This is an offer that we cannot afford to ignore.
Pacific Leaders in various
sectors of our island nations – governments, churches, NGO and civil society
groups; have expressed concern that Pacific communities contributes very
minimally toward global warming and climate change, and yet we are amongst the
most affected and vulnerable. The
eroding of shorelines due to sea level rises is not simply about geomorphic
changes. Rises in sea level and the resultant eroding of shorelines have direct
effect on people’s lives in many ways. In part, one can agree that the growing
despair among our people has to do with the sheer pace of the changes we are
experiencing now. And consequently, a huge gap has opened up between the
transformations happening around us and our people’s ability to respond.
It is a state where the
material culture such as technology, is being transformed faster than
non-material culture such as the modes of governance and social norms. When the
external (material) world is changing faster than the internal (ideology and
spiritual) world – in our mental and emotional response; our environment
becomes intensely bewildering and threatening. Societies take time to change
and so do people. The point is that while we and our people may be adaptive we
are not made for constant and relentless change.
3. Breakdown of the institutions of social
life
Another more significant
factor, which alluded above is the breakdown of the institutions of social
life, and hence the increasing loss of a sense of permanency. In the past, our
people were helped to cope with change because we have what Alvin Toffler calls
“personal stability zones” or can be referred to as “life anchors”.
These were aspects of our
lives that do not easily change, if at all. Of these, the most important were a
job for life, marriage for life, and a place for life. Not everyone had them
but they were not rare. These gave our people a sense of economic, personal and
geographical continuity and permanency. Today, however these things are
increasingly hard to find.
Paid job are become less permanent and employment in general
is increasingly part-time, short-term and contractual.
Marriage, as religiously and socially accepted and
recognized by law as between man and a woman, and which is the very matrix of
community for any society, is being eroded by serial relationships, same sex
unions, cohabitation and divorce.
The very concept of belonging
to a village, a community, a neighborhood – somewhere we call home; is slowly
disappearing. Our people travel and move often in search of work and
employment, and or for better healthcare and educational opportunities. The
result of this increasing fluidity of our existence in the region is that we
face an increasing level of uncertainty with the minimum of resources to
protect us against insecurity and external changes.
Change has become systemic and
consequently we begin to feel that we no longer have control over our lives. Such
a situation gives rise to what social scientist call “social poverty”. It relates to the degree of apathy or indifference
to the plight of the most disadvantaged among us.
Up until now, our neighbor is the one who
shares our ethnicity, denomination, and religion. That works well when our
horizons do not go beyond the boundary of our village or settlement. We know
exactly who we are, our role and our status; it was on these relationships that
our ethics were constructed and applied.
However, when our world becomes larger than our villages or settlements
as it is now, ethics becomes more problematic. As young people of Pacific, our
response to these deep underlying changes and challenges may become an
oppressive burden.
Our response cannot lie at the
level of detail, faced with choices as we are now, our people need wisdom. Our
young people are one of the rich resources at this time. It sustains
reflections of our place in nature and what constitutes the proper goals of our
societies and personal lives. It builds communities; shape lives and tell the
stories that explain us to ourselves. It frames the rituals that express our
aspirations and identities. We must now possess the power to choose, act and
take responsibility for our destiny.
Conclusions
Revolutionary, yet
extraordinary about rediscovering our self as young men and women – future
leaders for tomorrow. We must reclaim the belief that the source of action and
responsibility lies within ourselves. That is the first step.
The second step is we should
start think globally and to think of humanity as a single moral community
linked by mutual responsibility. Our present Pacific context compels us, as
young people, to seek a new way of engaging with our people’s struggle for
meaning and purpose. Because we are not products of forces beyond our control,
we need a moral vision that situates the source of action and responsibility
within ourselves. The construction of such a vision will, therefore out of
necessity, include the key values of human dignity, justice, compassion, hope
and peace.
Suggestions and Consideration
Firstly, there is a need in a
Youth Network Program on formation in ethics and morality, governance, social
justice and stewardship at the International, Regional, National and Local Levels.
However, such a program would be more
than just another meeting or conference but would involve lifestyles and
perspective changes over a number of years.
Secondly, there is a big need
to encourage Youth population to participate more actively on this journey. The
older we are, the deeper our roots are in the past and the less able we are to
see ways in which the future is developing.
Do we want to keep hearing
opinions from the past or aspirations for the future?
God Bless Papua New Guinea.
